Make Time

Jake Knapp & John Zeratsky · reading notes

Time is only wasted if you don't want to be spending it the way you are.

Make Time

Two defaults run our days: a culture of constant busyness nobody chose but everyone obeys, and a stream of content that never ends. Against those two, the book proposes a four-step daily loop.

The Busy Bandwagon

A culture of permanent busyness everyone keeps up by watching everyone else.

"Every minute has to be filled with productivity. Slow down and you fall behind, and you will never catch up." (After all, everybody else is busy.)

Infinity Pools

Apps and sources of content that refill themselves endlessly. Anything we pull down to refresh.

"Every day, we react or respond to something."

Being more productive doesn't mean doing the best thing.

HighlightLaserEnergizeReflectand again
01

Highlight

Ask: what am I making time for? What will the highlight of my day be? Pick one, daily.

The way we live our days isn't determined by what happens to us. We set our own reality by what we pay attention to.

Tasks
too close, mechanical
———
Highlight
———
Goals
too far away

Criteria

  • Urgency: what is the most pressing thing that has to be done today? (Necessity)
  • Satisfaction: what will bring the most satisfaction by the end of the day? (Desire)
  • Joy: thinking about today, which activity will bring me the most joy?
Perfection is a distraction.

Choosing your highlight

01
Write It Down

Choose and note your highlight the evening before if you can, otherwise over breakfast, in a notebook or on a Post-it.

02
Repeat Yesterday

Once you have picked something that matters, returning to it every day helps that activity take root, grow, and develop.

03
Stack Rank Your Life

If you feel a conflict between competing priorities: list them, pick the most meaningful one, then keep going.

Not prioritising the thing you're most committed to isn't neglecting it. It's being honest with yourself about where your focus actually needs to go.

04
Batch the Little Stuff

Combine the small tasks and handle them in a single highlight session.

05
The Might-Do List

Might-do list (what could you do?) → Highlight (which one matters most?) → Calendar (what's the plan?)

06
The Burner List

Big project | Small project | Everything else.

"If it doesn't fit on this page, it won't fit in your life."

07
Run a Personal Sprint

Do the different pieces of a project on consecutive days. Far more efficient than pulling the file out of the archive, opening it, remembering where you were, working, and then reaching for something else.

08
Schedule Your Highlight

How much time does it need?

When do I want to do it?

Put it on the calendar.

09
Block Your Calendar

If you can't start the day with an empty calendar, use daily "do not schedule anything here" blocks to make room for your highlight.

10
Bulldoze Your Calendar

Shorten meetings to open up gaps.

Pile meetings onto specific days of the week.

11
Flake It Till You Make It

Ask yourself what you could cancel.

Be honest, explain why you can't come, and let it go.

12
Just Say No

Your default answer should be updated to "no."

Be kind but honest.

The Sour Patch tactic: sour on the outside, sweet on the inside.

13
Design Your Day

Designing the whole day can unlock another level.

14
Morning

Start the day with light, coffee, and something to do.

Design your nights in advance.

Be honest with yourself about how much sleep you need and how much you actually get: "It's usually society, not your body, that dictates your default bedtime."

15
Night

Recharge first: read, watch something, exercise.

Go offline.

Don't forget to slow down; shut your mind off gradually.

16
Quit When You're Done

Create a shutdown time (9pm?).

Check on your highlight as the shutdown time approaches.

If you did it, wonderful; if you didn't, look at why, and be content with what you did instead.

02

Laser

Making time to focus on what matters means feeding your brain's need for energy: exercise, sleep, face-to-face time, food, quiet.

Why infinity pools are irresistible

  • Passion for technology. When people are passionate about what they do, they naturally do great work.
  • Evolution. Tech products improve dramatically in very short spans of time.
  • Competition.
  • Our caveman brains.
The best way to defeat distraction is to make it harder to react to.

Turning on laser mode

17
Try a Distraction-Free Phone

Delete the social apps.

Delete the other infinity pools.

Delete the email app and remove the account from the device.

Remove the web browser.

Keep everything else.

18
Log Out

Don't "remember me on this device." Don't stay signed in.

19
Nix Notifications

Turn notifications off in your phone's settings.

20
Clear Your Homescreen

When nothing is left on the homescreen, look at it and ask: "do I really want to be distracted right now?"

21
Wear a Wristwatch

Don't check the screen for the time and get lost in the notifications.

22
Leave Devices Behind

A useful tactic for creating an offline highlight.

23
Skip the Morning Check-In

When you wake up the day has just started, your brain is rested, and there's no reason yet to feel distracted. Enjoy that, and postpone the morning check-in as long as you can.

24
Block Distraction Kryptonite

Find your kryptonite: the site or app you regret after a few minutes (and those minutes can stretch into hours).

If it's an app, delete it; if it's a site, block it.

Make it as hard as you can, and ignore it.

25
Ignore the News

Stay away from the urgency breaking news manufactures.

Follow the news weekly.

26
Put Your Toys Away

Log out of your apps at the end of every day.

Close the extra tabs and windows.

27
Fly Without Wi-Fi

Flights come with a heightened kind of focus.

If there's a screen in front of you, turn it off, and don't connect to the Wi-Fi.

28
Put a Timer on the Internet

The internet is the biggest infinity pool. When it's time for laser mode, disconnect.

29
Cancel the Internet

For a short experiment, ask a friend to change your Wi-Fi password and keep it from you for a while.

30
Watch Out for Time Craters

An infinity pool that gets between you and your focus can take 45 minutes, an hour, or more.

Rest periods and meal breaks can create time craters too.

31
Trade Fake Wins for Real Wins

The real win is the highlight. The "things that need doing" that come out of infinity pools are a fake win if they stand in front of your highlight.

32
Turn Distractions into Tools

Every infinity pool served some purpose when you first started using it. Find that purpose and focus on it.

Define why you use a particular app.

Decide how much time you want to give it daily and weekly.

Is the app really the best way to serve that purpose?

33
Become a Fair-Weather Fan

Think about this not only for sports teams but for every community you follow obsessively.

34
Deal with Email at the End of the Day

You'll be less eager to say yes to every incoming request. You won't have the energy to write paragraphs when a simple answer will do.

35
Schedule Email Time

Put email time on your calendar.

36
Empty Your Inbox Once a Week

Let the people around you learn to limit their expectations about how you communicate.

37
Treat Messages Like Letters

Let go of the idea that you have to keep checking your inbox and reply to every new message immediately.

38
Be Slow to Respond

Not "as fast as possible" but "as fast as I can be."

Every time you check your email you're asking: does some random person need my time right now?

39
Reset Expectations

"I'm slow to reply because I need to prioritise a few important projects. If your message is urgent, text me or call."

40
Set Up Send-Only Email

You can still send email without email arriving on your phone.

41
Vacation Off the Grid

"I'll be away this week without email access, but I'll get back to you when I return."

Laser mode matters on holiday too.

42
Lock Yourself Out
43
Close the Door

Closing the door, or wearing headphones even without music, tells both the other person and yourself: "everything I need to attend to is right here."

44
Set an End Time

Setting an end time not just for obligations but for everything you want to finish becomes an external push toward completion.

45
Break Your Highlight into Pieces

If you're not sure where to start, break your highlight into small, doable pieces.

Make sure every item contains a verb.

46
Play a Laser Song

Use a track you've conditioned yourself to as a way into the frequency of a particular kind of work.

Pick a different piece of music for each different kind of work.

The numbering jumps here in my notes: 47 through 51 are missing.

52
Use a Visible Timer

Because time isn't visible, our brains struggle to measure and track it. Make time visible.

53
Avoid the Lure of So-Called Tools

Researching tools for the work is always more tempting than the work itself, and it gives you the feeling of having done something. Stay away from it.

54
Start on Paper

Paper improves focus: you can't browse on it, and you can't get stuck on the digital form of your notes.

On paper you can open up without formatting constraints; paper surfaces possibilities.

55
Make a "Random Questions" List

While you're focused on something, write down every nagging question about the infinity pools off to the side, and carry on.

56
Notice Your Breath

Paying attention to your body quiets the voices in your head.

57
Let Yourself Be Bored

Boredom creates a chance to drift into your own mind, and that trip usually ends up somewhere interesting.

Bored people are much better at creative problem solving.

58
Get Stuck

Being stuck is different from being bored: when you're bored there's nothing to do, but when you're stuck you know exactly what to do and your brain isn't sure how to process it.

The easiest way through is to do something else, but that steals from your highlight. Instead, just stay stuck: stare at the blank screen or page, and whatever happens, don't move your focus.

59
Take a Day Off

When you feel burnt out, don't eat yourself alive. Be compassionate.

Take real breaks during the day, and pick a highlight that helps you gather your energy back.

60
Go All In

"The antidote to exhaustion is not rest… the antidote to exhaustion is wholeheartedness."

Staying in the moment, entering flow, focusing. All of it rests on wholeheartedness: giving yourself over and never pulling back. Dropping your caution and letting yourself care about the work.

Throw yourself into the moment, with excitement and sincerity.

03

Energize

With energy it's easier to hold on to your focus and your priorities, and to avoid answering every distraction and demand. If you want energy for your brain, you have to look after your body.

Back to the caveman

Keep moving.

Eat real food.

Optimise caffeine.

Live under the radar: unnoisy and quiet.

Make it personal: meet face to face.

Sleep in a cave: dark and away from stimulation.

Making energy

61
Exercise Every Day

Twenty minutes is enough to reach the mental, physical, and mood benefits of exercise.

Every day. Avoid doing none at all; anything is more than zero.

62
Pound the Pavement

Walking is a philosophy; it can be used as zen time.

63
Inconvenience Yourself

Cook.

Take the stairs.

Use a suitcase without wheels.

64
Squeeze in a Super Short Workout

Use HIIT (high-intensity interval training).

65
Eat Like a Hunter-Gatherer

Eat food, not too much, mostly plants.

Keep healthy snacks with you.

66
Make Your Plate Like Central Park

Put the salad on the plate first, and arrange everything else around it.

67
Stay Hungry

Being able to eat something doesn't always mean eating it.

Going hungry for set periods can be good for focus and mental clarity.

68
Snack Like a Toddler

Choose high-quality snacks.

Snack when your body and brain need it, not just to be doing something.

69
Go on the Dark Chocolate Plan

Let dark chocolate be the only sweet thing you eat.

Optimising caffeine

Wake up without caffeine: get up, have breakfast, start the day without coffee.

Have your first coffee between 9.30 and 10.30.

Have your last coffee between 1.30 and 2.30 pm.

70
Wake Up Before You Caffeinate

Your body releases plenty of cortisol in the morning to help you wake up naturally. The cortisol effect generally covers 8 to 9am; drinking coffee after it (around 9.30) can do more for your grogginess.

71
Caffeinate Before You Crash

If you put off coffee until you feel tired, it's already too late: the adenosine has bound to the receptors.

Drink your coffee at least 30 minutes before you run out.

72
Take a Caffeine Nap

Wait until you're tired, take caffeine, and nap while it enters your bloodstream (about 15 minutes). Your brain clears the adenosine and you wake up with caffeine in your blood.

73
Maintain Altitude with Green Tea

Use more frequent, lower doses instead of a sudden high dose.

Green tea can fill the gap in the habit of drinking something.

74
Turbo Your Highlight

Time your caffeine so that you're alert exactly as your highlight begins.

75
Learn Your Last Call

Caffeine has a half-life of 5 to 6 hours. Optimise your intake accordingly.

76
Disconnect Sugar

Separate caffeine from sweets.

77
Get Woodsy

Our hunter-gatherer bodies feel more alive outdoors.

78
Trick Yourself into Meditating

Meditation is a breathing exercise for the brain, rest for the brain.

Build a daily 10-minute meditation routine.

79
Leave Your Headphones at Home

Having your own stereo universe is lovely, but let yourself be bored and give your brain time to rest in silence.

80
Take Real Breaks

When you step away from work, try breaks with no screen in them.

81
Spend Time with Your Tribe

Think of someone who gives you energy.

Go to the trouble of having a real conversation with them; there should be sound involved.

Check your energy level afterwards.

82
Eat Without Screens

This way you're more likely to eat more healthily, more consciously, and with pleasure while someone sits across from you.

83
Make Your Bedroom a Bed Room

Stay away from devices and the news they keep delivering in the hours before sleep, when you don't want your mind speeding up.

84
Fake the Sunset

Starting a few hours before dinner or your ideal bedtime, gradually dim the lights at home.

85
Sneak a Nap

Napping scientifically makes you smarter.

Even 10 to 20 minutes of rest will do.

86
Don't Jet-Lag Yourself

"Sleep debt" is a real thing.

Weekday or holiday: set your alarm for the same time every day.

87
Put On Your Own Oxygen Mask First

Another person's needs can cost an incredible amount of emotional and physical energy.

It may look selfish, but in the long run looking after yourself is the only way to look after others.

04

Reflect

ObserveGuessExperimentMeasure
The goal here is to make time for what matters, to live a more balanced life, and to take a little more pleasure in today.

Knapp, J. & Zeratsky, J. (2018). Make Time. Currency.